Network optimization is a research area that focuses on improving the performance, efficiency, and reliability of communication networks. This includes optimizing the routing of data packets, managing network resources effectively, minimizing latency, and maximizing bandwidth utilization. Network optimization techniques often involve mathematical modeling, algorithms, and advanced technologies to optimize network configurations and parameters for better overall network performance. The goal of network optimization is to enhance the quality of service, reduce costs, and ensure optimal network operation for various applications and services.